What is the current situation of domestic hydraulic winch?

2021-11-15 14:25:02

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1.1 Introduction

In the history of human development, hydraulic winch is a kind of equipment used to drag and lift goods. It can enable one person to transport goods many times heavier than himself. The hydraulic winch adopts one kind of shaft and wheel, which is composed of a drum carried by a vertical structure. People use an assistant to turn the crank to make the hydraulic winch drum rotate around the horizontal axis. In 2000 BC, Chinese people designed a grinding wheel that can be turned by a crank handle. Now widely used lifting winch (or lifting winch) is another way of hydraulic winch, which specifically refers to the transmission equipment with one or more cylinders with ropes or steel ropes wound on them for lifting or towing heavy loads. A simple manual lifting winch; The lifting winch is driven by hand, and is equipped with a ratchet mechanism to avoid the reverse rotation of the drum and a band brake for braking, depending on the speed ratio of the transmission gear.

1.1.2 Function and structure of lifting winch

The lifting winch is designed to drag, lift and lower the load horizontally or vertically by means of drum winch or tong stretching the rope. The lifting winch usually includes driving parts, operating equipment, auxiliary equipment and other parts.

1. Driving part: it is used to drive the winch to operate the equipment for coiling and releasing ropes, including power, transmission device and control equipment. The hoist can be driven in many ways, including motor, steam engine, diesel engine, gasoline engine Hydraulic motor , pneumatic motor, etc. No matter what kind of driving method is adopted, the following design rules shall be included in the design of the driving part of the lifting winch:

① Stepless uniform speed change, wide range of speed change;

② Under the load condition, it has better starting characteristics and low speed characteristics, with high overall efficiency; ③ Two way rotation, and it is very easy to change the rotation direction;

④ The maintenance is relatively easy and insensitive to the surrounding operating environment; Reliable operation of braking system;

⑥ Compact design, simple structure, easy assembly layout and light weight;

⑦ Under the load condition, it can be kept stationary for a long time without damaging the driving system.

For the micro hoist, in order to ensure compact structure, the driving part of the hoist is usually connected with the operating equipment of the hoist to drive the operating equipment immediately; For large hoisting winches or using hoisting winches with relatively narrow field space, the driving part of the hoisting winch and the operating equipment of the hoisting winch can be designed to be placed separately, and the layout and operation of the hoisting winch are very convenient with the help of hydraulic pipelines, pneumatic pipelines or cable pipelines.

2 Operating equipment: under the action of the driving part, the rope can be dragged or released by means of drum rotation or straight-line stretching of tongs to realize the telescopic operation of the load, and it is equipped with rope holding and cable arrangement equipment for the rope.

3. Auxiliary equipment: auxiliary operation equipment realizes dragging work, including pulley, guiding equipment and its speed detection, length distance measurement, tension detection and other equipment parts; The hoisting winch can use steel rope, nylon material rope and many other material ropes.

1.1.3 Category of lifting winch

The hoist can be classified in many ways.

According to the driving mode of the lifting winch, the lifting winch can be divided into mechanical driven lifting winch, motor driven lifting winch, pneumatic winch Hydraulic winch And so on.

1. Mechanical driven lifting winch

① The fixed geometric position relationship between components depends on the planning pattern of the system, with few changes in the pattern;

② The transmission system is large in size and heavy in weight;

③ The assembly layout is complex, often requiring precise manufacturing plane and precise positioning of fine parts; ④ It is difficult to achieve the infinite speed change of human category;

⑤ The orientation of the transmission device cannot be changed;

⑥ In the case of load, stable inversion cannot be obtained;

⑦ With the help of hydraulic coupler, great torque can be formed under the condition of locked rotor.

2. Hydraulic winch

① Double stepless speed change control from zero to maximum speed, convenient for reversing; ② Double control effective torque with high-pressure relief valve or pressure compensator;

③ The output speed range is large, the low speed of the load is well controlled, and the load can start well; ④ The system can support the load for a long time, and the dual can control different torques;

⑤ Tight planning, convenient layout and light total weight of driving force transmission system; ⑥ It is convenient to achieve constant frequency and constant tension control.

Winches are classified into mine hoists, construction winches Marine winch , construction machinery equipment winch and winch for special use, etc.

According to the operation method of winches, winches are generally divided into two categories: drum winch and linear winch. The drum winch extends and retracts the rope and hauls the load by pushing the drum to rotate, and directly holds the rope on the drum; The linear winch uses the fixture to pull the rope vertically to drag the load, and winch the capacity rope on the separately configured drum.

1.1.4 Winch operation

Winches are widely used in engineering machinery and equipment, construction machinery, forestry and fruit industry, aquaculture, mining equipment, waterway transportation, petroleum industry and other industries, and can be matched with various types of host machines and equipment.

Some of the machinery and equipment actually equipped with the winch are as follows:

1. Truck crane - main hoist and auxiliary hoist winch 2. Tower crane - main hoist winch

3. Cargo ship - precise positioning winch, cable winch 4. Exploration ship - pulling winch

5. Crane barge - suspension and bucket winch, grab crane winch

6. Common ships - mooring winch, lifting winch, driving winch 7. Container ship - aft constant tension loading winch

8. Wharf crane - main lifting winch

9. Pipeline laying operation ship for petroleum industry - constant tension ship moving winch, tensioner, A/R winch, load winch of hoisting crane, etc

10. Transportation - railway vehicle precise positioning winch, cableway driven winch

11. Mountain forest and wood processing machinery - heavy wood hoisting winch, timber cart, stacker 12. Hydraulic pile hammer matching machinery and equipment - hydraulic pipeline winch, cable and pneumatic pipeline winch 13. Mining and metallurgical industry - transportation winch, lifting winch

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